JAKARTA, June 1 (Xinhua) -- Several areas along the northern coast of Indonesia's Java island are experiencing a combination of land subsidence and sea level rise of up to 4.3 millimeters per year, increasing the risk of flooding and coastal inundation, a researcher from the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) said on Monday.

BRIN researcher Agung Syetiawan said the phenomenon has been observed in a number of coastal areas, including Jakarta, Bekasi, Indramayu, Cirebon, Subang, Pemalang, Pekalongan and Demak, based on satellite data, field observations and geospatial modeling.

According to the researcher, excessive groundwater extraction for domestic use and aquaculture activities is among the main drivers of land subsidence in the affected regions.

He stressed that mitigation measures and coastal management policies should be based on comprehensive geospatial assessments, including groundwater control, mangrove rehabilitation and seawall evaluation, to support sustainable development. ■